The Vatican v. Protestant Free Thinkers
…ul III established the modern Inquisition in 1542; it was designed to deal with persons, primarily those who evidenced what was deemed to be a willful adherence to ideas contradicted by Catholic Orthodoxy. This language is instructive, because faith was understood to be partly an act of will in the Early Modern period. Thus, Protestant kinds of free thinking amounted, in the Church’s view, to a distorted kind of willing, not just an error in thoug…
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